Cat Scratch Fever Disease

Cat Scratch Fever: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Stay Safe Around Cats

Kittens are undeniably adorable, but did you know that a seemingly innocent scratch or bite from them could lead to a bacterial infection? Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) is a condition that occurs when bacteria from a cat’s saliva enters the human body through broken skin.

 

What Causes Cat Scratch Disease?

Cat scratch disease is caused by a bacterium called Bartonella henselae. This bacteria can be found in the saliva of infected cats. Research indicates that cats may become infected through fleas, and the bacteria can then be passed to humans through a bite, a scratch, or if the cat licks an open wound.

 

Who Is at Risk?

Several factors can increase your chances of developing this disease:

  • Regular contact with cats, especially playful kittens.
  •  Failure to clean cat bites or scratches promptly.
  • Allowing a cat to lick broken skin or wounds.
  •  Being around areas infested with fleas.

While people of all ages can get cat scratch fever, it is most common in children and teenagers. In fact, about 80% of diagnosed cases involve individuals under the age of 21.

 

Common Symptoms

The initial symptom is usually a small red bump or blister at the site where the bacteria entered the skin. Over time, this can develop into a crusty sore, which may resemble an insect bite. These are typically found on the hands, arms, face, or neck areas that often come in contact with cats.

Within a week or two, swollen and tender lymph nodes often appear near the affected area, especially around the head, neck, or armpits. This condition is known as regional lymphadenopathy. Swelling may reach up to 12 centimeters in some cases.

 

Additional Signs and Symptoms

Around 50% of people affected may experience other symptoms, such as:

  • Fever
  •  Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Nausea or vomiting
  •  Sore throat
  •  Rash
  • Stomach pain
  • Conjunctivitis (eye infection)

In rare cases (roughly 10%), more serious complications may occur. These tend to affect people with weakened immune systems.

 

How Is It Diagnosed?

Diagnosis usually begins with a thorough medical history, including any recent contact with cats. A physical examination follows, and in some cases, blood tests are used to confirm the presence of the infection.

 

Treatment Options

The good news is that cat scratch disease is usually self-limiting. In most cases, the body fights off the infection naturally, and swollen lymph nodes resolve on their own within two to four months.

However, in more serious cases-especially if symptoms persist or complications develop-antibiotics may be prescribed.

 

Prevention Tips

Prevention is always better than cure. Here are some effective ways to reduce your risk:

  • Avoid rough play with cats, especially kittens.
  • Clean cat bites or scratches immediately with soap and water.
  • Don’t allow cats to lick your wounds.
  • Keep cats free of fleas by maintaining proper hygiene and using flea control treatments.

 

When to Contact a Healthcare Provider

You should seek medical attention if:

  • A cat bite or scratch becomes increasingly red, swollen, or painful.
  • You develop flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, joint pain, or fatigue.
  • Lymph nodes remain swollen or become larger over time.

 

 

 

Sources:

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
  • Mayo Clinic
  • Cleveland Clinic
  • MedlinePlus

 

Final Thoughts

While most cases of cat scratch disease are mild and resolve without complications, understanding the risks, symptoms, and prevention strategies is essential especially if you spend a lot of time around cats. Maintaining proper hygiene and handling cats gently can significantly reduce your chances of getting infected.

Stay informed and stay safe.